Owing to unique anatomy, fluctuating hormones, genetics, and lifestyle habits, women regularly undergo screenings to monitor reproductive and gynecological health, ranging from PCOS and endometriosis to breast, cervical, and ovarian cancers.

However, these biological differences also leave women significantly more vulnerable to conditions that affect men as well. For instance, the natural hormonal shifts that occur after menopause, such as reduced estrogen production, paired with rising cholesterol and blood pressure levels, can heighten the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke.

To help shed light on women’s health beyond routine screenings, Dr. Sheryll Cornejo, an Internal Medicine Consultant at Makati Medical Center (MakatiMed), breaks down four common conditions that disproportionately affect women, along with proactive steps to reduce the risks.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis involves the gradual weakening and thinning of bones. A key driver is the sharp drop in estrogen production following menopause, which accelerates bone loss. Dr. Cornejo notes that women anatomically tend to have smaller, thinner bones than men to begin with, making them naturally more susceptible to fractures.

How to manage risk:

• Ensure adequate daily intake of calcium through dairy products, leafy greens, and edible-bone fish.
• Boost vitamin D levels through safe, early morning sun exposure.
• Incorporate consistent strength-training and weight-bearing exercises to build bone density.
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption, both of which negatively impact bone structure.

Thyroid Cancer

Appearing as a noticeable or palpable lump at the base of the neck, thyroid cancer is diagnosed far more often in women, particularly during their reproductive years. Because thyroid tissue features estrogen receptors, hormonal fluctuations can stimulate abnormal cellular growth, explaining part of the gender gap. Additional contributing risk factors include genetics, family history, obesity, radiation exposure, and low iodine levels in the diet.

How to manage risk:

• Maintain a balanced diet, keep an eye on weight management, and avoid unnecessary radiation exposure.
• Learn how to do routine neck self-examinations to catch unusual nodules or swelling early.
• Stay updated on your family medical history to ensure timely screenings with an endocrinologist or physician.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune condition where the body mistakenly attacks the lining of its own joints, resulting in persistent stiffness, swelling, and pain. Women are two to three times more prone to developing RA than men.

One biological reason lies in genetics: women have two X chromosomes, which house a large concentration of immune-related genes. This leads to naturally stronger immune responses, raising the likelihood of autoimmune errors. Furthermore, sharp estrogen drops following pregnancy or around menopause can trigger the onset of the condition.

How to manage risk:

• Focus on an anti-inflammatory diet filled with fresh vegetables, fruits, and lean protein sources.
• Avoid or quit smoking, which stands as a major documented trigger for RA onset and flare-ups.
• Maintain regular low-impact exercise and practice active stress management techniques to support immune health.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Characterized by progressive brain cell degeneration caused by abnormal plaque accumulation, Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed in more women than men. Part of this trend is linked to women’s longer average life expectancy, though common co-occurring health issues like hypertension, diabetes, a sedentary lifestyle, and limited social engagement also accelerate cognitive decline.

How to manage risk:

• Keep mentally active through reading, puzzles, and continuous learning to stimulate neural pathways.
• Maintain regular physical activity and monitor blood sugar and blood pressure levels.
• Stay socially connected with friends, family, and community groups, as social engagement plays a proven role in long-term brain health.

For medical consultations and inquiries, you may contact MakatiMed On-Call at +632.88888 999, email mmc@makatimed.net.ph, or visit makatimed.net.ph. Follow @IamMakatiMed on Facebook and X (Twitter) for more health updates.